Biology — Grade 11

What is life? Characteristics of living things & the science of taxonomy.

The five kingdoms — from monerans to fungi and the viruses in between.

Algae to angiosperms — the great sweep of plant diversity.

From sponges to chordates — classifying the animal world.

Roots, stems, leaves, flowers & fruit — the external body of a plant.

Tissues & tissue systems — the internal architecture of plants.

Animal tissues & organ systems — epithelium to the earthworm.

The basic unit of life — organelles, membranes & the cell theory.

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids & the enzymes of life.

Mitosis & meiosis — how cells grow, divide and pass on chromosomes.

Light & dark reactions — how plants turn sunlight into sugar.

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle & the release of cellular energy.

Growth, differentiation & the plant hormones that orchestrate them.

The respiratory system — how we breathe and transport oxygen.

Blood, the heart & the double circulation of the human body.

The kidney & nephron — filtering waste and balancing water.

Muscles, bones & joints — the machinery of movement.

Neurons, the nerve impulse & the central nervous system.

The endocrine system — hormones that regulate the body.